Ubwiza bwa PET preforms
Polyethylene tereftalate (PET), izwi cyane nka polyester, ni ibikoresho bya pulasitiki bikoreshwa cyane. Ikorwa rya Amacupa ya PET ishobora kugabanywamo inzira ebyiri z'ingenzi hashingiwe ku bwoko bwa preform: injection stretch blow molding (ISBM) na extrusion stretch blow molding (ESBM). Muri ubu buryo bubiri, ISBM ikunze kugaragara cyane bitewe nuko yoroshye kuyigenzura, umusaruro wayo uhagije, ndetse n'umuvuduko muto w'ibisigazwa. Mu gihe cyo gukora blow-molded amacupa yo kwisiga, Uduce twa PET dushyirwa mu ikubitiro. Bisabwa ko igipimo cy'ibikoresho byasubiwemo kitagomba kuba kinini cyane (munsi ya 5%), kandi kongera gukoreshwa ntibigomba kurenza inshuro ebyiri. Uburemere bwa molekile n'ubucucike ntibigomba kuba biri hasi cyane (uburemere bwa molekile 31.000 - 50.000, ubucucike bw'ibanze 0.78 - 0.85 cm³/g). Dukurikije Itegeko ry'Igihugu ryita ku Mutekano w'Ibiribwa, ibikoresho byasubiwemo birabujijwe gukoreshwa mu gupakira ibiryo n'imiti. Uduce twakorewe mu inshinge tugomba kubikwa amasaha arenga 24 mbere yo gukoreshwa. Uduce twabanje gukoreshwa nyuma yo gushyushya tugomba kubikwa amasaha arenga 48 mbere yo kongera gushyushya.
Igihe cyo kubika amacupa yo kwisiga Ntigomba kurenza amezi atandatu. Ubwiza bw'ibikoresho bya preforms ahanini bushingira ku bwiza bw'ibikoresho bya PET. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa guhitamo ibikoresho byoroshye gukurura no gukora, no guteza imbere uburyo bwo gukora preform bukwiye. Igerageza ryerekana ko preforms zakozwe mu bikoresho fatizo bitumizwa mu mahanga zoroshye gukurura kurusha izakozwe mu bikoresho fatizo byo mu gihugu bifite ubukana bumwe. Ariko, ku bikoresho bya preforms by'itsinda rimwe, amatariki atandukanye yo gukora ashobora gusaba uburyo butandukanye bwo gukurura. Ubwiza bw'ibikoresho bya preforms bugena ingorane z'uburyo bwo gukurura. Ibisabwa ku bikoresho bya preforms bya Amacupa ya PET harimo kuba isuku, ibonerana, idafite umwanda n'ibara, ifite uburebure bukwiye bw'aho ishyirwa n'umurambararo ukikije.
Ubwa mbere, ingano y'ishusho ya mbere ya Amacupa ya PET ni ingenzi ku gikoresho cya nyuma cyo gupakira. Mu gihe cyo kumenya ingano y'imashini isanzwe, ikintu cya mbere kigomba kwitabwaho ni intego yo amacupa yo kwisigaEse ni ibyo kurya, ibinyobwa, amavuta yo kwisiga, cyangwa ibindi bicuruzwa? Impamvu zitandukanye zishobora gusaba imiterere n'ubushobozi butandukanye bw'amacupa yo kwisiga. Mu gusuzuma neza ubushobozi bw'ibicuruzwa, ubushobozi bw'ibikoresho byabugenewe bushobora kumenyekana, kandi hagatoranywa imiterere ikwiye, nk'uruziga, kare, cyangwa uruziga.
Icya kabiri, umurambararo w'ijosi (cyangwa umunwa) ni ikintu cy'ingenzi. Mu gupima ijosi, menya neza ko igipimo cyaryo kiri mu buryo butambitse kugira ngo ubone ingano nyayo y'umurambararo. Ingano y'ijosi igira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku mikorere yo kuzuza no gusukwa kwaryo. Amacupa ya PETIbikoresho bitandukanye bishobora gusaba ingano zitandukanye z'ijosi, bityo rero guhitamo ijosi mu buryo bukwiye ni ngombwa mu gihe cyo gushushanya icupa.
Amaherezo, uburemere bw'inyuguti zibanziriza iyindi buvuga uburemere bwa amacupa yo kwisiga, harimo n'umubiri n'ijosi. Uburemere bushobora gupimwa neza hakoreshejwe gupima cyangwa gukoresha umunzani w'icyuma gipima. Kumenya uburemere bifitanye isano itaziguye n'imbaraga n'uburambe bw'icupa. Mu gusuzuma uburemere, ni ngombwa kuringaniza imbaraga z'icupa n'igiciro cy'ibikoresho kugira ngo umusaruro wa nyuma ube ukomeye bihagije kandi wujuje ibisabwa mu bukungu.
Muri rusange, ingano, umurambararo w'ijosi, n'uburemere bw'inyuma ya Amacupa ya PET ni ibintu by'ingenzi bigomba kwitabwaho mu cyiciro cyo gushushanya amacupa ya pulasitiki. Mu gupima neza no guhitamo ibi bipimo mu buryo bukwiye, birashoboka kwemeza ko icupa rya nyuma ryujuje ibisabwa n'ibicuruzwa n'amahame ngenderwaho y'inganda, bigatanga umusaruro mwiza wo gupfunyika. Mu gihe cyo gukora amacupa, kwita ku kugenzura ibi bipimo bizafasha gukora amacupa ya pulasitiki meza cyane.