Izinto Zokwenza I-Polymer Yepayipi Yepulasitiki Yokuhlobisa
Izici zesakhiwo ezingokwemvelo kanye nezimo zomzimba ze ipayipi lepulasitiki lobuhle Izinto ze-polymer, kanye nezici zangaphandle ezivezwa kuzo ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa, njengokushisa, ukukhanya, i-oxygen eshisayo, i-ozone, amanzi, ama-acid, izisekelo, amabhaktheriya nama-enzyme, kungaholela ekwehleni noma ekulahlekelweni kokusebenza kwazo. Isibonelo, zingaphenduka ziphuzi, zizwe ukwehla kwesisindo sama-molecule, zikhule imifantu ebusweni, futhi zilahlekelwe ukukhanya. Okubi nakakhulu, izakhiwo zazo zemishini, njengamandla okushaya, amandla okudonsa kanye nobude, zingase zehle kakhulu, ngaleyo ndlela zithinte ukusetshenziswa kwazo okuvamile.
Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi ukuguga. Ukuguga kungenzeka kuzo zonke izigaba ipayipi lepulasitiki lobuhle izinto ze-polymer, kusukela ekuhlanganisweni, ekugcinweni nasekucutshungulweni kuya ekusetshenzisweni kokugcina, okungaholela ekupheleni kwesikhathi sokuphila kwazo kwenkonzo kanye nemfucuza enkulu, okubangela ukumoshwa okukhulu kwezinsiza kanye nokungcoliswa okukhulu kwemvelo. Ukuguga ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa ipayipi lepulasitiki lobuhle Izinto ze-polymer cishe zingabangela izinhlekelele ezinkulu kanye nokulahlekelwa okungenakulungiswa.
Ngakho-ke, ukulwa nokuguga ipayipi lepulasitiki lobuhle Izinto ze-polymer seziyinkinga okumele imboni ye-polymer ibhekane nayo.
Ukuguga ipayipi lepulasitiki lobuhle Izinto ze-polymer, ikakhulukazi ukuguga kwe-photo-oxidative, ngokuvamile ziqala ebusweni bezinto noma umkhiqizo, zibonakala njengokushintsha kombala, ukufiphala, ukuqhekeka, kanye nokuncipha kokucwebezela, bese kancane kancane zingena ngaphakathi. Imikhiqizo emincane ithambekele kakhulu ekuhlulekeni kusenesikhathi kuneyobukhulu, ngakho-ke ukwandisa ukujiya komkhiqizo kungandisa isikhathi sawo sokusebenza. Emikhiqizweni ethambekele ekugugeni, ungqimba oluvikelayo olunesimo sezulu esihle lungasetshenziswa ebusweni noma ungqimba lwezinto olunesimo sezulu esihle lungahlanganiswa ongqimbeni olungaphandle, ngaleyo ndlela lunikeze ungqimba oluvikelayo ebusweni bomkhiqizo futhi lubambezele inqubo yokuguga.
Izinto eziningi nazo zinezinkinga zokuguga ngesikhathi sokwenziwa noma ukulungiswa, njengethonya lokushisa ngesikhathi sokwenziwa kwe-polymerization kanye nokuguga kwe-thermal oxidative ngesikhathi sokucubungula. Ngokufanayo, umthelela womoya-mpilo ungancishiswa ngokungeza amadivayisi okususa umoya-mpilo noma amadivayisi okuhlanza ngesikhathi sokwenziwa kwe-polymerization noma ukucubungula. Kodwa-ke, le ndlela ingaqinisekisa kuphela ukusebenza kwezinto ngesikhathi sokukhishwa kwefektri futhi ingasetshenziswa kuphela emthonjeni wokulungiswa kwezinto, futhi ayikwazi ukuxazulula inkinga yokuguga ngesikhathi sokucubungula kabusha nokusetshenziswa.
Eziningi ipayipi lepulasitiki lobuhle Izinto ze-polymer ziqukethe amaqembu athambekele kakhulu ekugugeni esakhiweni sawo sama-molecule. Ngakho-ke, ngokuklama isakhiwo sama-molecule sezinto nokufaka esikhundleni samaqembu aguga kalula ngamaqembu aguga kancane, imiphumela emihle ingatholakala kaningi.
Njengamanje, indlela ephumelelayo nendlela evamile yokuthuthukisa ukumelana nokuguga kwe- ipayipi lepulasitiki lobuhle Izinto ze-polymer ziwukwengeza izithasiselo zokulwa nokuguga. Ngenxa yezindleko zazo eziphansi futhi asikho isidingo sokushintsha inqubo yokukhiqiza ekhona, zisetshenziswa kabanzi. Inzuzo yokusebenzisa iwukuthi izithasiselo zokulwa nokuguga zihlakazwa kusengaphambili ngesikhathi sokulungiselela ama-masterbatches, bese zihlakazwa kabusha ngesikhathi sokucubungula izinto kamuva, kufezwa umgomo wokuhlakazwa okufanayo kwezithasiselo ku-matrix yezinto ze-polymer. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwekhwalithi yomkhiqizo kodwa futhi kugwema ukungcola kothuli ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza, okwenza umkhiqizo ube nobungane nemvelo futhi ube luhlaza.