Zipangizo Zopangira Polima za Pulasitiki Yokongoletsera
Makhalidwe enieni a kapangidwe kake ndi momwe thupi limakhalira chubu cha pulasitiki chokongoletsera Zipangizo za polima, komanso zinthu zakunja zomwe zimakumana nazo zikagwiritsidwa ntchito, monga kutentha, kuwala, mpweya wotentha, ozoni, madzi, ma acid, maziko, mabakiteriya ndi ma enzyme, zingayambitse kuchepa kapena kutayika kwa magwiridwe antchito awo. Mwachitsanzo, zimatha kusanduka zachikasu, kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa mamolekyulu, kukhala ndi ming'alu pamwamba, ndikutaya kuwala. Choopsa kwambiri, mawonekedwe awo amakina, monga mphamvu yogwira, mphamvu yokoka ndi kutalika, zitha kuchepa kwambiri, motero zimakhudza kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo kwanthawi zonse.
Chochitika ichi chimangotchedwa ukalamba. Ukalamba ukhoza kuchitika pazigawo zonse za chubu cha pulasitiki chokongoletsera zipangizo za polima, kuyambira kupanga, kusungira ndi kukonza mpaka kugwiritsidwa ntchito komaliza, zomwe zingayambitse kutha msanga kwa nthawi yawo yogwira ntchito komanso zinyalala zambiri, zomwe zimayambitsa kuwononga kwambiri zinthu zachilengedwe komanso kuipitsa chilengedwe kwambiri. chubu cha pulasitiki chokongoletsera Zipangizo za polima zimatha kuyambitsa masoka akuluakulu komanso kutayika kosatheka kukonzedwa.
Chifukwa chake, anti-ukalamba chubu cha pulasitiki chokongoletsera Zipangizo za polima zakhala nkhani yomwe makampani opanga polima ayenera kuthana nayo.
Kukalamba kwa chubu cha pulasitiki chokongoletsera Zipangizo za polima, makamaka kukalamba kwa photo-oxidative, nthawi zambiri zimayamba kuchokera pamwamba pa chinthucho, zomwe zimaonekera ngati kusintha kwa mtundu, kusweka, kusweka, ndi kuchepa kwa kuwala, kenako pang'onopang'ono zimalowa mkati. Zipangizo zopyapyala zimakhala zosavuta kulephera msanga kuposa zokhuthala, kotero kuwonjezera makulidwe a chinthucho kungapangitse moyo wake kukhala wautali. Kwa zinthu zomwe zimatha kukalamba, chophimba choteteza chomwe chimalimbana ndi nyengo chingagwiritsidwe ntchito pamwamba kapena wosanjikiza wa zinthu zomwe zimatha kupirira nyengo zitha kuwonjezeredwa pa wosanjikiza wakunja, motero zimapereka wosanjikiza woteteza pamwamba pa chinthucho ndikuchedwetsa kukalamba.
Zipangizo zambiri zimakhalanso ndi mavuto okalamba panthawi yopanga kapena kukonzekera, monga mphamvu ya kutentha panthawi ya polymerization ndi kutentha kwa okosijeni panthawi yokonza. Momwemonso, mphamvu ya mpweya imatha kuchepetsedwa powonjezera zida zochotsera mpweya kapena zida zotsukira mpweya panthawi ya polymerization kapena kukonza. Komabe, njira iyi ingatsimikizire kuti zinthuzo zikugwira ntchito panthawi yotulutsa fakitale ndipo ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kokha kuchokera ku gwero lokonzekera zinthuzo, ndipo singathe kuthetsa vuto la ukalamba panthawi yokonzanso ndikugwiritsa ntchito.
Ambiri chubu cha pulasitiki chokongoletsera Zipangizo za polima zimakhala ndi magulu omwe amatha kukalamba kwambiri m'mapangidwe awo a mamolekyu. Chifukwa chake, popanga kapangidwe ka mamolekyu a zinthuzo ndikuyika m'malo mwa magulu okalamba mosavuta ndi magulu okalamba pang'ono, zotsatira zabwino nthawi zambiri zimapezeka.
Pakadali pano, njira yothandiza komanso yodziwika bwino yowonjezerera kukana ukalamba kwa chubu cha pulasitiki chokongoletsera Zipangizo za polima ndi zowonjezera zotsutsana ndi ukalamba. Chifukwa cha mtengo wake wotsika komanso palibe chifukwa chosinthira njira yopangira yomwe ilipo, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Ubwino wogwiritsa ntchito uli m'chakuti zowonjezera zotsutsana ndi ukalamba zimabalalitsidwa kale panthawi yokonzekera ma masterbatches, kenako zimabalalitsidwanso panthawi yokonza zinthu pambuyo pake, kukwaniritsa cholinga cha kufalikira kwa zowonjezera mu matrix ya zinthu za polima. Izi sizimangotsimikizira kukhazikika kwa khalidwe la malonda komanso zimapewa kuipitsa fumbi panthawi yopanga, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kupanga kukhale kosangalatsa komanso kobiriwira.