Ibikoresho bya polimeri bya pulasitiki byo kwisiga
Imiterere y'imiterere n'imiterere y'umubiri wa umuyoboro wa pulasitiki wo kwisiga Ibikoresho bya polymer, kimwe n'ibintu byo hanze bihura nabyo mu gihe bikoreshwa, nk'ubushyuhe, urumuri, ogisijeni y'ubushyuhe, ozone, amazi, aside, base, bagiteri na enzymes, bishobora gutuma imikorere yabyo igabanuka cyangwa igatakaza agaciro. Urugero, bishobora guhinduka umuhondo, bigatera kugabanuka k'ubunini bwa molekile, bigatera imiyoboro y'ubuso, kandi bigatakaza urumuri. Ikirenzeho, imiterere yabyo, nk'imbaraga z'ingaruka, imbaraga zo gukurura no kurekura, bishobora kugabanuka cyane, bityo bigagira ingaruka ku ikoreshwa ryabyo risanzwe.
Iki kintu cyitwa gusaza. Gusaza bishobora kubaho mu byiciro byose bya umuyoboro wa pulasitiki wo kwisiga Ibikoresho bya polymer, kuva ku gukora, kubika no gutunganya kugeza ku ikoreshwa rya nyuma, bishobora gutuma ubuzima bwabyo buhagarara imburagihe ndetse n'imyanda myinshi, bigatera gusesagura umutungo mwinshi no kwangiza ibidukikije cyane. umuyoboro wa pulasitiki wo kwisiga Ibikoresho bya polimeri bishobora guteza ibiza bikomeye n'igihombo kidasubirwaho.
Bityo, kurwanya gusaza kwa umuyoboro wa pulasitiki wo kwisiga Ibikoresho bya polimeri byabaye ikibazo inganda za polimeri zigomba gukemura.
Gusaza kwa umuyoboro wa pulasitiki wo kwisiga Ibikoresho bya polymer, cyane cyane ibishaje bya foto-oxidative, akenshi bitangirira ku buso bw'ibikoresho cyangwa ibicuruzwa, bikagaragara nk'ibara ry'umukara, ifu, gucika, no kugabanuka k'urumuri, hanyuma bigatangira kwinjira buhoro buhoro mu nda. Ibikoresho bito bikunze kwangirika vuba kurusha ibinini, bityo kongera ubunini bw'ibicuruzwa bishobora kongera igihe cyo kubikoresha. Ku bicuruzwa bishobora gusaza, irangi ririnda ikirere rishobora gushyirwa ku buso cyangwa urwego rw'ibikoresho bifite ikirere cyiza rushobora gushyirwa ku rundi ruhande, bityo bigatanga urwego rurinda ikirere ku buso bw'ibicuruzwa kandi bigatinza imikorere yo gusaza.
Ibikoresho byinshi bifite ibibazo byo gusaza mu gihe cyo gukora cyangwa gutegura, urugero nk'ingaruka z'ubushyuhe mu gihe cyo gukora polymerization na oxidative y'ubushyuhe mu gihe cyo gutunganya. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, ingaruka za ogisijeni zishobora kugabanuka hakongerwamo ibikoresho byo gukura ogisijeni cyangwa ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa vacuum mu gihe cyo gukora polymerization cyangwa gutunganya. Ariko, ubu buryo bushobora kwemeza gusa imikorere y'ibikoresho mu gihe cyo kurekura uruganda kandi bushobora gushyirwa mu bikorwa gusa uhereye aho ibikoresho bitegurwa, kandi ntibushobora gukemura ikibazo cyo gusaza mu gihe cyo kongera gutunganya no gukoresha.
Byinshi umuyoboro wa pulasitiki wo kwisiga Ibikoresho bya polymeri birimo amatsinda akunda gusaza cyane mu miterere ya molekile. Kubwibyo, mu gushushanya imiterere ya molekile y'ibikoresho no gusimbuza amatsinda asaza byoroshye n'amatsinda asaza make, umusaruro mwiza ushobora kuboneka kenshi.
Muri iki gihe, uburyo bwiza n'uburyo busanzwe bwo kunoza ubudasaza bw'abantu umuyoboro wa pulasitiki wo kwisiga Ibikoresho bya polymer ni ukongeramo inyongeramusaruro zirwanya gusaza. Bitewe n'uko bihendutse kandi nta mpamvu yo guhindura uburyo bwo gukora, bikoreshwa cyane. Inyungu yo kubikoresha iri mu kuba inyongeramusaruro zirwanya gusaza zibanza gukwirakwizwa mu gihe cyo gutegura masterbatches, hanyuma zikongera gukwirakwizwa mu gihe cyo gutunganya ibikoresho nyuma, bigamije gukwirakwiza inyongeramusaruro mu buryo bumwe muri matrix y'ibikoresho bya polymer. Ibi ntibituma gusa ireme ry'ibicuruzwa rigumaho, ahubwo binarinda ivumbi ryanduzwa mu gihe cyo gukora, bigatuma umusaruro uba mwiza kandi urangwa n'ibidukikije.