Isingeniso Esifushane Senqubo Yokukhiqiza Iziqukathi Ze-PET
Isingeniso
I-Polyethylene Terephthalate, eyaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi i-PET, uhlobo lwepulasitiki oluye lwaba yinto ebalulekile embonini yokupakisha. Yaziwa ngamandla ayo, ukucaca kwayo, kanye nokuphinde isetshenziswe, i-PET isetshenziswa kabanzi ukukhiqiza izitsha zeziphuzo, ukudla, imithi, neminye imikhiqizo. Le bhulogi inikeza umbono omfushane wenqubo yokukhiqiza izitsha ze-PET, kusukela ezintweni zokusetshenziswa kuya kumkhiqizo oqediwe..
1. Ukwenziwa Kwezinto Ezingavuthiwe
Inqubo yokukhiqiza iqala ngokwenziwa kwe-PET resin. I-PET iyi-polymer eyenziwe nge-terephthalic acid (TPA) kanye ne-ethylene glycol (EG). Lawa makhemikhali amabili abhekana nokusabela kwe-polymerization ukuze akhe ama-PET pellets, okuyizinto eziyisisekelo zokukhiqiza izitsha ze-PET.
2. Ukukhiqizwa Kwangaphambi Kokwenza
Isinyathelo esilandelayo kule nqubo ukudalwa kwama-preform. Ama-preform ayizingcezu ezincane ze-PET, ezimise okwe-test tube ezipheshulwa kamuva zibe yisimo sazo sokugcina sesitsha. Ukukhiqizwa kwama-preform kuhilela:
（1）Ukomisa ama-PET Pellets: Ama-pet pellets ayomiswa ukuze kususwe umswakama, okungathinta ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo wokugcina.
(2) Ukubumba Umjovo: Ama-pellets omisiwe afakwa emshinini wokubumba ngomjovo, lapho ancibilikiswa khona bese efakwa ezikhumbeni ukuze akhe ama-preforms. Ama-preforms abe esepholiswa bese ekhishwa ezikhumbeni.
3. Ukubumba Ngesivunguvungu
Ukubumba nge-blow kuyinqubo lapho ama-preforms eguqulwa abe yizitsha zokugcina ze-PET. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zezinqubo zokubumba nge-blow: ukubumba nge-injection stretch blow (ISBM) kanye nokubumba nge-extrusion blow (EBM).
Ukubumba Kokunwebeka Komjovo (ISBM):
（1）Ukushisa: Ama-preform ashiswa ekushiseni okuthile ukuze athambeke kalula.
（2）Ukwelula Nokuvuthela: I-preform eshisayo ifakwa ku-mold. Induku yokwelula inwebeka ku-preform, iyiselule ngobude. Ngasikhathi sinye, umoya ocindezelekile uvuthelwa ku-preform, uyinwebe ukuze ivumelane nesimo se-mold.
（3）Ukupholisa: Isitsha esisanda kwakheka siyapholiswa bese sisuswa esikhumbeni.
Ukubumba Okuqhumayo Kokunwebeka (i-EBM):
(1) Ukwengezwa: I-PET encibilikisiwe ikhishwa iye epayipini, elibizwa ngokuthi i-parison.
(2) Ukushaya: I-parison ifakwa esikhumbeni bese ishaywa umoya ukuze ivumelane nesimo sesikhumbeni.
（3）Ukupholisa: Isitsha siyaphola bese sikhishwa esikhumbeni.
4. Ukulawulwa Kwekhwalithi Nokuhlolwa
Ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi kubalulekile kuyo yonke inqubo yokukhiqiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izitsha ze-PET ziyahlangabezana nezindinganiso ezidingekayo. Kuqhutshwa izivivinyo ezahlukahlukene ukuhlola izakhiwo ezifana namandla, ukucaca, kanye nokumelana nokuvuza. Izinhlelo ezizenzakalelayo kanye nokuhlolwa ngesandla kuyasetshenziswa ukuhlonza nokulungisa noma yiziphi iziphambeko.
5. Ukulebula Nokupakisha
Uma izitsha seziphumelele ukuhlolwa kokulawula ikhwalithi, ziqhubekela esigabeni sokulebula nokupakisha. Amalebula asetshenziswa kusetshenziswa amasu ahlukene, njengamalebula okunamathelayo, imikhono yokuncishiswa, noma ukuphrinta ngqo. Izitsha ezinelebula ziyapakishwa bese zilungiselelwa ukusatshalaliswa.
Isiphetho
Inqubo yokukhiqiza izitsha ze-PET iyinhlanganisela ethakazelisayo yamakhemikhali nobunjiniyela. Kusukela ekuhlanganisweni kwezinto zokusetshenziswa kuya ekupakishweni kokugcina, isinyathelo ngasinye saklanywa ngokucophelela ukukhiqiza izitsha ezisezingeni eliphezulu, ezinokwethenjelwa, neziphephile. Ukuguquguquka kanye nokuphindeka kabusha kwe-PET kwenza kube ukukhetha okuthandwayo ezimbonini eziningi, okubonisa ukubaluleka kwezinto ezixazululweni zokupakisha zanamuhla.
Imicabango Yokugcina
Ukuqonda inqubo yokukhiqiza izitsha ze-PET akugcini nje ngokugqamisa ubunzima nokunemba okuhilelekile kodwa futhi kugcizelela ukubaluleka kokusungula izinto ezintsha kanye nokusimama embonini yokupakisha. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buthuthuka, singalindela intuthuko eyengeziwe ekusebenzeni kahle kanye nomthelela wemvelo wokukhiqizwa kwezitsha ze-PET.